Deindustrialization, reindustrialization and environmental degradation: Evidence from ecological footprint of Turkey

As in most developing countries, Turkey has witnessed the deindustrialization process 1990s. However, unlike others, reindustrialization experience started country since 2002. Despite existence of some arguments about environmental impact such structural changes, they are mostly ignored by empirical studies. For this purpose, main purpose study is to examine changes on degradation for period from 1970 2017. In addition, real income, urbanization and human capital also observed. doing so, employs NARDL approach clearly obtain industrialization with both positive negative shocks. Moreover, CO2 emission ecological footprint used as indicator compare transformation different indicators. The findings show that results reduced carbon emissions, but no significant footprint. Furthermore, we discovered while lead lower quality, holds potential be less harmful environment because advancements technology.